Thinking Activity on Dryden essay of dramatic poesy

Thinking activity on Dryden's essay of dramatic poesy

     John Dryden was an English poet, literary critic, translator, and playwright who was made England's first Poet Laureate in 1668. He is seen as dominating the literary life of Restoration England to such a point that the period came to be known in literary circles as the Age of Dryden.

About his essay ' An Essay on Dramatic Poesy '

Criticism flourished in England during the restoration of Stuarts. An Essay of Dramatic Poesy deals with the views of major critics and the tastes of men and women of the time of Dryden. The work is in the form of semi-drama thus making abstract theories interesting. In the late 17th century, Shakespeare was severely criticised for his careless attitude towards the mixing of genres. It was Dryden who elevated Shakespeare to height for his natural genius.

The narrative of An Essay of Dramatic Poesy has four debaters among whom, Neander is the one who holds the views of Dryden. Unlike other characters, Neander does not diminish the arguments that are on contrary to his views. Though he himself favours modern drama, he does not blame others.

1) Do you any difference between Aristotle's definition of Tragedy and Dryden's definition of play?

Yes, there is huge difference between Aristotle's definition of Tragedy and Dryden's definition of play.

• Defination of Tragedy has given by Aristotle

"A tragedy is the imitation of an action that is serious and also, as having magnitude, complete in itself; in appropriate and pleasurable language;..in dramatic rather than incidents arousing pity and fear, where with to accomplish a catharsis of these emotions"

•Defination of play has given by John Dryden

"Just and lively image of human nature representing its passions and humours,and the changes of fortune to which it is subject,for the delight and instruction of mankind"

Samuel Coleridge called Dryden father of criticism. In vidio we can find the major defference between Aristotle's definition of Tragedy and Dryden's definition of play, according to Aristotle tragedy is an imitation of an action while Dryden says that play is lively image of human nature.Aristotle says that  pity and fear are used in tragedy to purify the emotions of mankind whereas Dryden says that passions and humour are used to delight and instruct. Aristotle's definition ended with ''catharsis" while Dryden's definition  ended with "delight".

2) If you are supposed to give your personal predilection, would you be on the side of the ancient and the modern? Please give reasons.

According to me both are equal valuable in literature. Because ancient is better in observation of nature and now a days modern is getting from new ideas and new way in literature. So I can't take side of any one.so I preferred both.

3) Do you think the arguments presented in favour of the French plays and against English plays are appropriate ?

French playwright follow the Ancient and favour the unity of time and obsedve it very carefully . In  terms of unity of place they are equally sincere. In most of their plays, the entire action is limited to one place. And unity of action is even more obvious ; plays are never congested with sub plots as is the case with English plays.  In English plays the character relates to life and therefore, it is proper and reasonable that it should be also in the drama, but in French plays such narrations are more skilled than the Ancients. Dryden portrays the comparative merits and demerits of each in a clearer way . In this essay, as Neander, Dryden favours the violation of those three unities because it leads to the variety in the English plays and these unities  have a narrowing and crumpling effects on the French plays, which are often betrayed into absurdities from which the English plays are free. The violation of unities helps the English playwright to present a livelier image of human nature . In his comparison of English and French drama, Neander characterizes the best proofs of the Elizabethan playwrights.

4) What would be hour preference so far as poetic or prosaic dialogue are concerned in the play?

 I prefer poetic dialogue than prosaic in play. Poetic may be rhyme verse or Blank verse also.  Poetic dialogues are help for judgement . Rhyme effects on emotions and feelings . Interpretation of poemcan be different. People can read poem with different points of view and different style. Blank verse is poetic prose and it is only fit for comedy. It means we find poetic prose in comedy and use of poetic language audience must get entertainment . 

Thinking Activity on Aristotle

Thinking activity on Aristotle

1. First of all creative writing means when you see something like flowers and you create your imagination about that flowers at that time we can say that this is creative writing. One of the most popular type of creative writing is storytelling and as we know that there are many elements of creative writing like characters development , plot development, dialogue etc. The best creative writers are William Shakespeare, leo Tolstoy, Edgar Allen poe etc. Plato is also known as creative writer. Plato believed that " truth of philosophy was more important than the pleasure of poetry". And yes i am agree with Plato’s Objection to freedom of expression and artistic liberty enjoyed by crietive writers. As we know that according to him all art are imitative. So i have one novel in TY BA, "hairy ape" by eugene o'neill. In the novel, o 'neill represents the reality of society and this novel is about the negative effects of industrialisation. So that we can say that o' neill is great creative writer.


2. As we know that aristotalian thought holds that poetry is an imitation of what is possible in real life and that tragedy, by imitation of a serious action cast in dramatic form. I have one play which is based on aristotalian literary tradition that is " All my sons". In the play journeys the key contact of Catharsis through the intricate character of joe keller. Our tragic hero and his hubris flaw. And also the concept of hamartia At the end of the act one becomes pivotal in the role of experiencing catharsis . In the last there is a phone call from George, anne's brother. Chris tell joe the news of his engagement to anne. But joe is preoccupied with the phone call. He is afraid , George will want to open up his father's case again.


3. In my BA program i have studied novel "kim" by Rudyard kipling. It is followe the aristotalian rules of tragedy in few thimgs like, according to Aristotle the hero of the tragedy have belong to the upper class, and good looking,but in "kim" the hero or protagonist kim belongs to lawer class. He is the orphaned son of an irish soldier


4. In my BA program i have studied "ghashiram kotwal" by vijay Tendulkar. It is indeed a great tragedy. Protagonist or the central character is ghashiram a poor brahmin from kanuaj who had come to pune for better life. But here he faces humiliations and the city was ruled by nana who was full of lust. In the play ghashiram uses his own daughter lalita gauri as a bait. From here he started his journey as a kotwal. He has hamartia like ambition of power, revenge It follows the rules of aristotalian tragedy and in this play we have tragic hero who is not thoroughly bad or fully good.

5. Yes.... The plot of those tragedies followe necessary rules and regulations proposed by Aristotle.

Wordsworth's preface to lyrical ballads

William Wordsworth

Preface to lyrical ballads by William Wordsworth, was published in 1798. The preface to the lyrical ballads in an essay, composed by William Wordsworth, for second edition of poetry collection lyrical ballads. And then greatly expanded in the third edition of 1802. It has come to be seen as a de fecto manifesto of the Romantic movement.

1).what is the basic difference between the poetic of ' classicism' and ' Romanticism' ?

  There are two ideologies. We can say that, Romanticism is feel they are free to express in simple manner. It means, it is not necessary to follow classical rules of writing. Classicism and Romanticism are artistic movements that have influenced the literature, visual arts ,music and architecture of the western world over many countries. In romanticism is celebrates strong emotions, not just feeling of love. Classicism followed rules whereas Romanticism were free rules.

2). Why does Wordsworth say 'what' is poet? Rather who is poet?

  A poet is man speaking to man, a man, it is true, endued with more lively sensibility, more enthusiasm and tenderness. Wordsworth has greater knowledge of human nature through the emotions like observation, heightened. He also uses platonic, more comprehensive soul.

3). What is poetry?

  Poetry is an art, Wordsworth's gives very famous definition "poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feeling, it takes its origins from emotions recollected in tranquility " a poet writes about his imagination, feeling, emotion of his life in poetry.

4). Discuss ' dafodils-1 ' wandered lonely as a cloud that with reference to Wordsworth's poetic creed.

  " I wandered lonely as acloud" known as a lyric poems, which is written by William Wordsworth. Wordsworth describes the beauty of the nature. Through the Daffodils flower poet shows his great happiness .

Semuel Coleridge

Samuel Coleridge

Samuel Coleridge was an English poet, literary critic, philosopher and theologian who, with his friend William Wordsworth, was a founder of the Romantic movement in English and a member of the lake poet's. He wrote the poems the Rime of the Ancient mariner and " kubla Khan", as well as the major prose work biographia literaria. His critical work, especially on William Shakespeare, was highly influential, and he helped introduce German idealist philosophy to English- speaking culture. Coleridge coined many familiar words and phrases, including suspension of disbelief. He had a major influence on Ralph Waldo Emerson and on American transcendentalism.

1). Difference between poem and poetry

Poetry is a wider than poem. Poem is different than prose while poetrh could be a part of prose. Poem gives pleasure. Meter or rhyme or both is used in a poem. While poetry gives an aesthetic delight. We can say that it is an activity of poet's mind. Through poem, poet express their mind. Through poem, poet express their idea and feeling. So, it is merely a form of verbal expression of poet's mind.

2). Difference between poem and prose.

According to Coleridge poem contains the elements as a prose composition. Poem and prose both uses words. Poem also maybe in prosic composition but, it is not used in prose composition. Poem provides pleasure it means it's purpose is to provide pleasure to readers and listeners. Poem also becomes prose and prose also becomes poem. Language of poetry maybe metaphysical and due to this language poetry differs prose. In prose some specific meaning and we can't change it's meaning. I mean we can interpret meaning of poem with our pain of view or what we can understand from poem but ,it is not happen in prose. Language of prose maybe clear and so we can't change it's meaning. Prose used by literary writer and used by scientists is different. Language of poem we can change with our interpretation but, prose's language has only one meaning. 

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